In the realm of survival, evasion, resistance, and escape (SERE), communication and signaling stand out as vital components of any preparedness plan—especially in urban environments that can quickly devolve into chaos during crises, civil unrest, or disasters. Whether navigating widespread power outages or civil instability, maintaining the ability to relay information accurately and quickly can be the difference between life and death. In this article, we will explore both the conceptual framework and the practical methods of communication and signaling, referencing reputable sources along the way. We will discuss common tools, strategies, and best practices to ensure you can stay connected—or at least get the message across—when the stakes are highest.
The Importance of Communication in Urban Crises
Communication is often taken for granted in daily life. We can pick up our smartphones, open social media, or browse the internet with little thought. However, in an urban SERE scenario—where traditional infrastructure might be compromised or overwhelmed—those convenient channels might disappear. As Ready.gov, a website managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), emphasizes, “Your ability to communicate with family, friends, and emergency personnel is critical before, during, and after a disaster” (Ready.gov, 2022).
In urban areas, the density of population can lead to rapid strain on cell towers. Power outages may knock out communications networks entirely. Knowledge of alternative means of contact, along with pre-established communication plans, can mitigate the breakdown of conventional methods.
Establishing a Family or Group Communications Plan
Before diving into specific signaling methods, it is essential to have a plan for communication with family members or teammates. A communications plan typically includes:
Primary and Secondary Contacts: Ensure each member has essential phone numbers written on paper (not just saved on a phone). Include local and out-of-town contacts.
Meeting Locations: Identify safe rendezvous points if your home or usual location is inaccessible.
Alternate Methods: Pre-arrange signals or codes (verbal, text-based, or symbolic) in case voice calls aren’t possible.
Timing: Plan to check in with each other at set intervals if you become separated.
According to the American Red Cross, “Establishing an out-of-area contact can help you communicate with loved ones when local phone lines are overwhelmed” (American Red Cross, 2021). When cell networks are jammed, text messages may still go through due to their lower bandwidth requirement.
Traditional Communication Tools and Their Uses
Advantages: Ubiquity, ease of use, familiarity.
Limitations: Reliant on functioning cell towers and networks, which can be disrupted or overwhelmed by high traffic or power outages.
Landline Telephones
Advantages: Can still function in certain power outages if the lines aren’t cut.
Limitations: Becoming less common in urban households; susceptible to physical line damage.
Internet-Based Communications (Email, Social Media, VoIP)
Advantages: Instant, wide-reaching, easy to distribute updates.
Limitations: Dependent on electricity, internet service, and operating servers.
Two-Way Radios (FRS/GMRS/PMR446)
Advantages: Do not rely on cell or internet networks, relatively simple to operate, good for short to moderate distances.
Limitations: Limited range (urban structures can degrade signals), often require line-of-sight.
Amateur (Ham) Radio
Advantages: Potential for long-range communication (particularly with certain bands and propagation conditions), strong community of licensed operators.
Limitations: Requires licensing and practice to operate legally and effectively. During actual emergencies, non-licensed operators may use ham bands for life-threatening situations, but training is essential for success.
The American Radio Relay League (ARRL), the largest membership association of amateur radio enthusiasts in the United States, notes, “During disasters, when other forms of communication fail, amateur radio can often provide the only link to the outside” (ARRL, 2020). While obtaining a ham radio license takes time and studying, the skill set and equipment can become invaluable lifelines during a wide-scale crisis.
Beyond Voice & Data: The Importance of Signaling
When technology fails or is unavailable, simpler forms of signaling can step in. Signaling, in a SERE context, refers to methods of conveying a message—SOS calls, directional guidance, or silent communications—using minimal or no traditional technology.
Visual Signals
Flashlights and Strobes: A flashlight can be used for Morse code signaling at night or in dark environments. Strobe lights are especially conspicuous and can be used to attract rescue or identify friendly forces in a chaotic urban environment.
Signal Mirrors: Often associated with wilderness survival, but they can also be useful in urban canyons with reflective lines of sight. A well-placed mirror flash can be seen over surprisingly long distances.
Hand Signals: Useful in situations where silence is paramount or voice communication is drowned out by noise. Pre-arranged gestures can communicate key messages like “danger,” “need help,” or “move this way.”
Auditory Signals
Whistles: According to the US Army Field Manual FM 3-05.70 (Survival), “A simple whistle can save your life in a rescue scenario, as its sound travels farther and requires less energy than shouting” (Department of the Army, 2002). Whistles are also less likely to strain your voice or go unheard amidst background noise.
Banging on Objects: Striking metal pipes, doors, or other resonant objects can create rhythmic signals that draw attention, especially in partially collapsed structures or sub-level parking garages where cell signals might not penetrate.
Car Horns or Alarms: In an urban environment, most people are familiar with car horns and alarms as signals. Coordinated use might draw attention to urgent situations—but it can also draw unwanted attention in civil unrest scenarios.
Written Signals
Signs & Notes: Leaving chalk markings, taped notes, or graffiti with date/time and instructions can be a crucial method of disseminating information when you’re on the move.
Code Words & Symbols: For secure or low-profile communication, code words or innocuous symbols placed in predetermined locations can signal important information (e.g., “Location compromised,” “Safe to enter,” or “Supplies here”).
Stealth and Security Considerations
In urban SERE scenarios, communicating without drawing unwanted attention can be just as important as reaching help. Civil unrest or disasters often bring out opportunists. Balancing the need for assistance and avoiding detection by hostile elements is a critical skill.
Use Low-Power Modes: If you’re transmitting via radio, choose the lowest power setting that can reliably reach your intended recipient. This reduces the range at which others can intercept or triangulate your signal.
Use Earbuds: When using walkie-talkies or portable radios in public, an earpiece can help keep your communications private.
Directional Antennas: By focusing your signal in a specific direction, you can reduce the chance of widespread interception.
Encryption Apps & VPNs: If internet access is still available, consider apps that offer end-to-end encryption, Like Signal app. However, remember that in a complete infrastructure collapse, these may not be functional.
Planning for Power: Maintaining Your Communication Devices
No matter which method of communication or signaling you prefer, without power, most modern devices become useless. Ensuring a stable power source for your devices is paramount.
Batteries: Stockpile spare batteries (alkaline and rechargeable). In particular, ensure you have enough for your radios, flashlights, and other high-priority gear.
Solar Chargers: Portable solar panels can trickle-charge USB devices and rechargeable batteries. Look for rugged, foldable panels designed for outdoor use.
Hand-Crank Generators: Some radios (often referred to as “emergency radios”) come with integrated hand-crank generators to power both the radio and a small flashlight.
Power Banks: High-capacity battery banks can keep phones and radios running for multiple charges. Make a habit of recharging them whenever power is available.
Training and Drills: The Key to Competence
Even the most well-thought-out communication plan or robust kit can fail if you don’t know how to use it under stress. Regular drills and practice sessions are essential. The American Red Cross advises, “Conduct communication drills with your family at least twice a year to reinforce roles, responsibilities, and alternate communication channels” (American Red Cross, 2021). Practice with your radios, signal mirrors, whistles, and even ham radio operations if you are licensed.
Scenario-Based Drills: Simulate real-world conditions like a citywide blackout, partial building collapse, or road closures.
Equipment Familiarity: Know how to change frequencies, switch channels, charge the device, and implement privacy codes.
Coordination with Neighbors: If practical and safe, coordinate with neighbors to establish a neighborhood watch or mutual assistance group. This network can amplify your communication reach.
Balancing Communication with Operational Security
In volatile situations, a loud or highly visible signal can draw the wrong kind of attention. It’s crucial to weigh the value of attracting rescue versus risking exposure to hostile elements. You might need to use “passive” or “covert” signaling methods such as inconspicuous markings, coded messages, or silent, directional flashes of light.
Operational Security (OPSEC) in an urban SERE context means controlling information about your location, capabilities, and supplies. Broadcasting continuously on an open frequency about your precise whereabouts might invite trouble. Instead, consider short and precise transmissions, using agreed-upon codes for your group to minimize time on the air.
Final Thoughts
In times of crisis, civil unrest, or disaster, your ability to communicate can set the stage for a successful outcome—or a disastrous one. Urban SERE contexts amplify these stakes due to high population density, stressed infrastructure, and potentially volatile security conditions. By establishing a solid communication plan, training with alternative methods like two-way or ham radios, understanding how to signal without high-tech tools, and protecting your operational security, you can significantly improve your chances of staying safe and informed.
Remember, communication is more than just speaking or listening; it’s about connecting with the right people at the right time to coordinate, collaborate, or call for help. As technology evolves and infrastructure becomes ever more complex, the fundamentals of signaling and human-to-human contact remain at the heart of survival. Preparation, practice, and prudence will help ensure you keep an open line—whether digital, radio, or visual—when every second counts.
References
Ready.gov. (2022). Make a Plan. Federal Emergency Management Agency.
American Red Cross. (2021). Communication Plan.
ARRL. (2020). What is Ham Radio?. American Radio Relay League.
Department of the Army. (2002). FM 3-05.70 Survival. Headquarters, Department of the Army.
US Army. (1992). FM 21-76 Survival, Evasion, and Recovery. Headquarters, Department of the Army.
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